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There is no fat in scotch. Scotch contains no protein. Scotch provides 14 grams of alcohol. Each gram of alcohol provides 7 calories. Therefore, all of the calories in scotch come from alcohol, assuming that is consumed neat or on ice.
While there are trace minerals in whiskey, you will not gain any substantial micronutrients when you consume it. A chemical analysis published in suggested that scotch whiskey has antioxidant properties. But there is no strong clinical evidence that antioxidants in scotch provide any benefit in humans. There is minimal research investigating any specific health benefits associated with whiskey consumption.
There are a few studies that link moderate alcohol consumption with certain health benefits, but the amount of alcohol consumed makes a big difference. Additionally, the USDA does not recommend that adults who do not currently drink alcohol start drinking—even for suggested health benefits.
Scotch whiskey or bourbon whiskey is a key ingredient in the hot toddy, a drink often consumed by those managing congestion and other cold symptoms. It is combined with lemon, cinnamon, honey, and hot water to make a warm beverage. It is possible that the alcohol in whiskey can dilate blood vessels, making it easier for mucus membranes to manage the infection.
There is some evidence that warm beverages can help improve nasal airflow and symptoms of common cold and flu. But strong scientific evidence to support the use of a hot toddy to relieve cold symptoms is lacking. In a study published by Phytotherapy Research in , scientists found that moderate whiskey consumption increased renal excretion of urate into urine and decreased serum urate levels.
Urate is a salt derived from uric acid. High uric acid levels are associated with conditions such as gout—a painful form of arthritis in which the joints swell and may become red or tender. Researchers are not sure why whiskey consumption may have an impact on urate levels. In addition, there are no human trials showing that whiskey can reduce the risk of gout. Many people drink alcohol, like scotch, to reduce stress levels. There is some research to support this benefit.
Studies dating back into the s have demonstrated that moderate alcohol consumption can play a role in reducing stress. More recent studies have also shown that consumption of a moderate dose of alcohol may help you rebound from stressful situations faster.
However, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism reports that the relationship between stress and alcohol is complex. Drinking alcohol to manage stress can take a substantial toll on your mental and physical health. Literature dating as far back as the s promoted the health benefits of scotch whiskey, particularly for boosting heart health. There are some current studies supporting this association.
Studies have shown that light to moderate alcohol intake up to one drink per day for women and one or two drinks for men is associated with a lower risk of total mortality, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and stroke. But the amount makes a difference. Researchers advise that higher levels of alcohol consumption are associated with a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Some studies have shown that moderate drinking is associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes.
But scientists also say that the relationship between alcohol and glucose control is complex in people who have already been diagnosed with diabetes. They say that overall nutritional status is important when considering the effects of alcohol on the regulation of insulin and glucose metabolism. Study findings have been inconclusive about the benefits and risks of alcohol consumption in those with type 2 diabetes.
Even though moderate drinking may provide some benefits, there can be drawbacks if you drink too much. These should be considered if you choose to include scotch in your diet.
The U. Department of Agriculture's — Dietary Guidelines for Americans provides information to help you understand how drinking can play a role in a healthy diet. According to the guidelines, moderate alcohol consumption can be incorporated into the calorie limits of most healthy eating patterns.
The USDA also provides guidance about the amount of alcohol to consume. According to the USDA, if alcohol is consumed, it should be in moderation—up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men—and only by adults of legal drinking age. A standard drink is considered to be:. Health experts do not recommend that you start drinking if you don't currently drink. Alcoholic beverages are not a component of the USDA healthy dietary food patterns, so if you choose to consume alcohol, the calories in your beverage should be accounted for so that you maintain reasonable calorie limits.
The NIAAA says that you put yourself at higher risk for harmful consequences or adverse health consequences if you exceed the recommended levels of consumption.
One of the main adverse health effects of consuming too much alcohol is a condition called alcohol use disorder AUD. The disorder can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe.
Signs of this condition include drinking more than you had intended, being unable to cut back, or continuing to drink despite problems in relationships.
Binge drinking 4 drinks for women and 5 drinks for men in about 2 hours or heavy alcohol use more than 4 drinks on any day for men or more than 3 drinks for women puts you at higher risk for AUD.
Isolation and stress—including mass stress stress experienced by a large community are two factors that have been studied by researchers as they relate to alcohol consumption. It is possible that while isolation and stress may increase the compulsion to drink too much, over-drinking during stress or isolation may lead to increased anxiety and potentially increased loneliness.
Over time, excessive alcohol consumption can cause adaptations in the brain that intensify the stress response. As a result, drinking alcohol to cope can make problems worse and one may end up drinking to fix the problem that alcohol caused.
During times of social isolation, researchers noted that boredom, stress, and economic distress are key factors that can precipitate a recurrence of alcohol use disorder. Scientists also know that long-term, heavy drinking can cause increased anxiety and a decreased ability to deal with stress due to the increased release of stress hormones.
In stressful situations, a long-term heavy drinker may experience more anxiety than someone who never drank or who drank only moderately. Isolation may also play a role in higher alcohol intake. Researchers also know that those dealing with substance abuse are more likely to experience stronger feelings of loneliness. A study published in Alcohol Research Current Reviews reported that there has been an established association between excessive alcohol consumption and immune-related health problem such as an increased risk for pneumonia.
Published reports have shown that excessive alcohol consumption is the third leading cause of premature death in the United States. Specifically, heavy alcohol use is one of the most common causes of reversible hypertension, it accounts for about one-third of all cases of nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, it is a frequent cause of atrial fibrillation, and it increases the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
While there has been at least one study showing that light drinkers may have a decreased risk for bone fracture, most studies have associated heavy drinking with poor bone health. In a large-scale research review conducted for NIAAA, experts advise that chronic, heavy alcohol consumption in women compromises bone health and increases the risk of osteoporosis.
The effects are particularly striking in young people but chronic alcohol use in adulthood can also harm bone health.
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