In this article, we will see the difference between electron and proton. Proton resides in the nucleus of the atom while electrons revolve around the fixed orbits known as shells. Electrons are negatively charged species while protons are positively charged entities. Protons and neutrons are attracted towards each other by nuclear force while there is an electromagnetic force of attraction between the proton and the electron.
In addition to this nuclear force of attraction, there is also a force of repulsion between the two protons since they carry the same charge, but the force of attraction is much greater than the force of repulsion. It is a subatomic particle of an atom bearing a negative charge. These shells have certain fixed energy. When an electron receives the energy from the surrounding it moves from a shell orbit of lower energy to an orbit of higher energy.
And when it loses energy it falls into an orbit of lower energy. Since the electrons are highly mobile, they are major contributors to the flow of electric current in conductors. An electron has a charge of All the electrons of an atom are identical. Since the electrons are negatively charged, they are deflected towards the positive plate when an external electric field is applied across them. The mass of an electron is 9. These are positively charged particles found inside the nucleus of an atom.
Protons together with neutrons form a prominent part of the nucleus. As protons and neutrons, both lie inside the nucleus of an atom, they are major contributors to the mass of the nucleus. The number of protons present in the nucleus signifies its Atomic number. The element hydrogen has the simplest atoms, each with just one proton and one electron. The proton forms the nucleus, while the electron orbits around it. All other elements have neutrons as well as protons in their nucleus, such as helium, which is depicted in Figure 2.
The positively charged protons tend to repel each other, and the neutrons help to hold the nucleus together. The number of protons is the atomic number , and the number of protons plus neutrons is the atomic mass. For hydrogen, the atomic mass is 1 because there is one proton and no neutrons. For helium, it is 4: two protons and two neutrons.
For most of the 16 lightest elements up to oxygen the number of neutrons is equal to the number of protons. For most of the remaining elements, there are more neutrons than protons, because extra neutrons are needed to keep the nucleus together by overcoming the mutual repulsion of the increasing numbers of protons concentrated in a very small space.
For example, silicon has 14 protons and 14 neutrons. Proton, along with neutrons, is located inside the nucleus and hence are called nucleons. They both together contribute to the mass of the atom.
The nucleus of an atom contains protons. Only the processes that take place within the nucleus involve protons. It is one of the three primary particles which makes up an atom. Protons possess one charge that is positive and also possess a mass of one atomic mass unit AMU. The positive charge signifies a proton. All atoms, except most hydrogen atoms, have neutrons in their nucleus. Neutrons have no charge and are electrically neutral, unlike protons and electrons, which are electrically charged.
The neutrons in the diagram above are called n0 for this reason. The nucleus also contains neutrons, except hydrogen. Neutrons have a little advantage over protons in terms of mass. Only nuclear processes involve neutrons. The charge of a neutron is either neutral or zero. The Atomic Theory of Dalton clarified many things about matter, chemical reactions and chemistry.
Although all the subatomic particles, which includes protons, electrons and neutrons, are considered as the building block of an atom, the size of each one of them is different from the other.
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